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Emergency Medicine in General

Added on 04/08/2009
Updated on 03/12/2009

These pages contain reports and articles on general Emergency Medicine topics including attendences, costs and burden as well as specific medical findings.

Binge Drinking and Emergency Departments

Benger, J ;Alcohol Insights, 43

Description:

This research sets out to quantify the number of patient attendances at a busy adult and children's Emergency Department that are directly attributable to binge drinking.

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Research

Perceptions of alcohol related attendances in accident & emergency departments in England: A national study.

S. Waller, Thom B, Harris S, and Kelly M; Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol 33, No. 4, pp. 354-361, 1998

Description:

The results from a survey, conducted in February and March 1997,of all Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in Englandare represented.

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Research

The burden of alcohol misuse on an inner-city general hospital

Pirmohamed M, Brown M, Owens L, Luke C, Gilmore I.T., Brekenridge A.M. and Park B.K. QJM: An international journal of medicine; Volume 93, Number 5, May 2000 , pp. 291-295(5)

Description:

Studies the burden on hospital services caused by overt alcohol misuse, in an inner city hospital in North-West England.

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Research

Regular attendees to the accident and emergency department.

Lynch R and Greaves I; Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine. 2000 September; 17(5): 351-354

Description:

Examines the profile of regular attendees to an accident and emergency (A&E) department, and to estimate the percentage of the overall departmental workload attributed to this group of patients, together with the resultant cost to the department of these attendances.

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Abstract

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Research

Saliva alcohol concentrations in accident and emergency attendances.

Simpson et al.; Emergency Medicine Journel, 2001;18:250-254

Description:

This study set out to examine the relationship between alcohol concentrations and the severity, type and circumstances of presentation, and the sociodemographic characteristics of patients.

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Improving detection of alcohol misuse in patients presenting to an accident and emergency department.

Huntley et al.,Emergency Medicine Journel 2001 March; 18(2): 99-104

Description:

Assesses and improves deployment of a brieftest for alcohol misuse: the Paddington Alcohol Test (PAT).

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Research

Alcohol and radiographs in the accident and emergency department

Rust et al; Emergency Medicine Journel, 2001;18:460-461

Description:

Patients with alcohol related injuries requiringradiography have a significant impact on the radiological workloadof an A&E department.

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Research

Alcohol and the accident and emergency department: a current review.

Charalambous MP; Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 307-312, 2002

Description:

The current management of problemdrinking by most A&E departments could be further improved.The introduction of a holistic approach that includes efficientscreening instruments and effective brief, anti-alcoholic interventions,for the management of these patients must be considered.

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Research

Positive blood alcohol concentration and road accidents. A prospective study in an Italian emergency department

Fabbri A, et al; Emergency Medicine Journal 2002;19:210-214

Description:

Examines if a positive blood alcohol concentration(BAC) at the time of crash, independently of anyclinical evidence and laboratory results indicating acute alcoholintoxication, is associated with specific features of patientsinvolved, specific types of injury, and characteristics of theaccident.

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International

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Research

The Royal College of Physicians report on alcohol: guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in the accident and Emergency Department.

Thomson Allan D, Cook Christopher C. H., Touquet Robin and Henry John A; Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 513-521, 2002

Description:

The Royal College of Physicians (London) recently published its latest report on alcohol misuse entitled 'Alcohol - Can the NHS Afford It?

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Research

The causal attribution of injury to alcohol consumption: a cross-national meta-analysis from the emergency room collaborative alcohol analysis project.

Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Bond J, Borges G.;Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 2003 November; 27(11): 1805-12.

Description:

Whereas a substantial literature exists documenting the association of alcohol and injuries, causal associations are less well established. The relationship of drinking-in-the-event variables with attributing a causal association of alcohol consumption and the injury event was examined by using meta-analysis across 13 emergency room studies from 8 countries included in the Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project.

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Abstract

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International

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Research

Referral for alcohol misuse in an Emergency Department - results of a randomised trial.

Crawford M; Alcohol Insights, 20, December 2004

Description:

Study carried out at St Mary's Hospital A&E Dept, using PAT to identify patients misusing alcohol. Examines the effects and cost effectiveness of referral.

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Research

Hazardous drinkers in the accident and emergency department-Who accepts advice?

Patton et al., Emergency Medicine Journal 2004;21:491-492

Description:

Patients identified as hazardous drinkers who presentafter a fall, head injury, or other accident are less likelyto accept help.

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Emergency room injury presentations as an indicator of alcohol-related problems in the community: a multilevel analysis of an international study.

Young DJ, Stockwell T, Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Macdonald S, Borges G, Giesbrecht N; Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs; 2004 September; 65(5): 605-12.

Description:

This study describes and examines the development of surrogate measures of acute alcohol-related injury for use in the evaluation of community-based prevention initiatives.

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International

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Research

Hazardous drinkers in the accident and emergency department - who attends an appointment with the alcohol health worker?

Patton et al; Emergency Medicine Journel 2005;22:722-723

Description:

Identifies factors that predict attendance at a briefassessment and referral session among patients identified ashazardous drinkers while being treated in an accident and emergencydepartment.

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Research

Curing A&E's hangover.

Wilkinson, P; NHS Magazine, 2005(26-27)

Description:

The alcohol harm reduction strategy for England, launched earlier this year, aims to curb harmful drinking. One study at an inner-city hospital A&E department showed that if patients admitted after drinking were referred to an alcohol health worker based in the department to be counselled about their habit, the chances of repeat admission were significantly reduced.

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Research

Variations of alcohol impairment in different types, causes and contexts of injuries: results of emergency room studies from 16 countries

Macdonald S, Cherpitel CJ, DeSouza A, Stockwell T, Borges G, Giesbrecht N; Accident, analysis and prevention; 2006 November; 38(6): 1107-12.

Description:

Documents alcohol impairment (based on a blood alcohol content (BAC) of at least 80 mg%) for different types, causes and location contexts of injuries.

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International

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Research

Cost-effectiveness of screening and referral to an alcohol health worker in alcohol misusing patients attending an accident and emergency department: a decision-making approach.

Barrett B, Byford S, Crawford MJ, Patton R, Drummond C, Henry JA, Touquet R;Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 04 January 2006, Vol. 81, no.1, pp. 47-54

Description:

The cost and cost-effectiveness of referral to an alcohol health worker (AHW) and information only control in alcohol misusing patients.

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A survey on alcohol and illicit drug abuse among emergency department patients.

Calle PA, Damen J, De Paepe P, Monsieurs KG, Buylaert WA; Alcohol and Alcoholism 2006; Volume 41, Number 5, Pp. 553-559.

Description:

The aims of this survey were (1) to determine for the Ghent University Hospital how frequently substance abuse contributed to emergency department admissions, (2) to describe the most important clinical features of these patients and (3) to determine how frequently these patients were referred to appropriate psychiatric services.

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International

Type of Evidence:

Research

Alcohol: a missed opportunity. A survey of all accident and emergency departments in England.

Patton R, Strang J, Birtlesand C, Crawford MJ , Emergency Medicine Journal 2007;24:529-531.

Description:

Although departments may be willing to address hazardousalcohol consumption, the low numbers of departments utilisingformal screening tools suggests that patients who may benefitfrom help or advice remain undetected.

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Validity of self-reported drinking before injury compared with a physiological measure: cross-national analysis of emergency-department data from 16 countries.

Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Bond J, Borges G, Macdonald S, Stockwell T, Room R, Sovinova H, Marais S, Giesbrecht N; Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs; 2007 March; 68(2): 296-302.

Description:

Self-reports of alcohol consumption among patients visiting an emergency department (ED) have been used extensively in the investigation of the relationship between drinking and injury. Little is known, however, about the associations between validity of self-reports with patient and injury characteristics and whether these relationships vary across regions or countries. Both of these issues are explored in this article.

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International

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Nurses' guide to the impact of alcohol on health and well being.

Harrington-Dobinson A, Blows W; British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 16, No.1, pp. 47-51 January 2007

Description:

This article discusses how nurses can begin to determine when alcohol consumption has become 'too much'--threatening not only personal health but the well being of others.

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Systematic review and meta-analyses of strategies targeting alcohol problems in emergency departments: Interventions reduce alcohol-related injuries.

Havard A , Shakeshaft A & Sanson-Fisher R; Addiction, Volume 103 Issue 3, January 2008, p368-376.

Description:

Critiques the methodological adequacy of evaluations of emergency department (ED)-based interventions for alcohol problems and to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the extent to which interventions in this setting are effective in reducing alcohol consumption and related harm.

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International

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Presentation and Co-morbidity Patterns of Patients With Serious Alcohol Problems Attending the Emergency Department: A Scottish National Study

Munro P.T, Lord S, Burnel A, Hillman A, Broadhurst D, Barnsdale L.;Annals of Emergency Medicine Volume 51, Issue 4, April 2008, p508.

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Emergency Department Use of Intravenous B Vitamins for Patients Presenting With Serious Alcohol Problems: A Scottish National Study.

Munro P.T, Lord S, Hillman A, Burnel A, Broadhurst D, Barnsdale L. ;Annals of Emergency Medicine Volume 51, Issue 4, April 2008, p522.

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